And as they were speaking to the people, the priests and the captain of the temple and the Sadducees came upon them, greatly annoyed because they were teaching the people and proclaiming in Jesus the resurrection from the dead. And they arrested them and put them in custody until the next day, for it was already evening. But many of those who had heard the word believed, and the number of the men came to about five thousand.
Acts 4:1-4
Most of Acts 4:1-22 is self-explanatory. There are a couple of points worthy of elaboration if only for future reference.
The Sadducees and Pharisees
The Sadducees and Pharisees were opposing religious and political parties. Here are some of the main differences that may be useful.
Sadducees – Saddoukaîos,
-Strongs Concordance-
“the righteous”
a Jewish religious party at the time of Christ, who denied that the oral law was a revelation of God to the Israelites, and who deemed the written law alone to be obligatory on the nation, as the divine authority. They also denied the following doctrines:
–resurrection of the body,
–immortality of the soul,
–existence of spirits and angels. -divine predestination,
-They affirmed free will
Pharisee – Pharisaîos
– Strongs Concordance –
A sect that seems to have started after the Jewish exile. In addition to Old Testament books, the Pharisees recognised in oral tradition a standard of belief and life. They sought distinction and praise by outward observance of external rites and by outward forms of piety, such as ceremonial washings, fastings, prayers, and alms giving. Comparatively negligent of genuine piety, they prided themselves on their fancied good works. They held strenuously to a belief in the existence of good and evil angels, and to the expectation of a Messiah. They cherished the hope that the dead, after a preliminary experience either of reward or of penalty in Hades, would be recalled to life by him, and be requited each according to his individual deeds. In opposition to the usurped dominion of the Herods and the rule of the Romans, they stoutly upheld the theocracy and their country’s cause, and possessed great influence with the common people. According to Josephus, they numbered more than 6000. They were bitter enemies of Jesus and his cause; and were in turn severely rebuked by him for their avarice, ambition, hollow reliance on outward works, and affection of piety to gain popularity.
No Other Name
The stone that the builders rejected
Psalm 118:22
has become the cornerstone.
In verses 11 and 12, Peter quotes Psalm 118 and declares, “there is no other name under heaven given among men by which we must be saved.” This verse is also referenced in Matthew 21:42, Mark 12:10, and we might be tempted to say, “Yes I know that.” Yet Peter is declaring this to the Sadducees, several of whom, e.g. Caiaphas, had a direct hand in the crucifixion of Jesus. In fact, Peter had been lurking about and denied Jesus at the same time that Caiaphas spat in Jesus’s face. Mat 26:57-75 Hence, the scene in Acts 4 is a testimony to Peter’s genuine surrender, transformation, and boldness as he had no reasonable assurance that Caiaphas would not do the same to Peter in that moment.
Whose Authority
But Peter and John answered them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge, for we cannot but speak of what we have seen and heard.”
Acts 4:19-20
This is the first time that Peter confronts believers with an ethical dilemma regarding authority with a question.
Should I listen to you or to God?
Mind you, the last time Peter had challenged the same religious authority based on what he thought was obedience to God, he chopped off Malchus’s ear in the Garden of Gethsemane only to be rebuked by Jesus. Was Peter’s question to the Sadducees now a reflection of his remaining ambivalence, or was it a masterful use of what contemporary counselors call “developing the discrepancy” in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, where any answer would confront the Sadducees with their own error? Given Peter’s previous track record and the depth of the wisdom applied, I suspect it was another example of Holy Spirit operating through Peter.
And when they bring you before the synagogues and the rulers and the authorities, do not be anxious about how you should defend yourself or what you should say, for the Holy Spirit will teach you in that very hour what you ought to say.”
Luke 12:11-12
After spending the night in jail, the Apostles go free and tell their tale to fellow believers who lift their voices together and quote the very eschatological Psalm 2. I use the term eschatological because it proclaims the first and second coming of Jesus.
They went on to declare the irrefutable omniscience and sovereignty of God.
for truly in this city there were gathered together against your holy servant Jesus, whom you anointed, both Herod and Pontius Pilate, along with the Gentiles and the peoples of Israel, to do whatever your hand and your plan had predestined to take place.
Acts 4:27-28
Wait a minute! Did he say the actions of Herod, Pontius Pilate, the Gentiles, and the peoples of Israel were predestined by the hand and the plan of God?
As a matter of fact, he did.
Those who followed us in our discussion of Freewill versus Predestination in Romans 9 and the post Getting Through the Gate will note the current score is,
Calvinism 3. Arminianism 0.
Verses 32-37 are a reiteration of Kingdom economic principles from Acts 2:42-47 covered in Lawlessness Increased.
Now the full number of those who believed were of one heart and soul, and no one said that any of the things that belonged to him was his own, but they had everything in common. And with great power the apostles were giving their testimony to the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was upon them all. There was not a needy person among them, for as many as were owners of lands or houses sold them and brought the proceeds of what was sold and laid it at the apostles’ feet, and it was distributed to each as any had need. Thus Joseph, who was also called by the apostles Barnabas (which means son of encouragement), a Levite, a native of Cyprus, sold a field that belonged to him and brought the money and laid it at the apostles’ feet.
Acts 2:32-37


